Period+5+Ancient+Rome

**﻿ Shayna Levitan ** ** Sam Beiser **  ** Josh Mazur **  ** Marc Cohen **

__NAME OF CIVILIZATION:__ **Rome** __DATES:__ ** 509 BC to 476 AD ** __MAP:__ __SOURCE:__ []


 * G overnment: **


 * R eligion: **
 * **Religion played a very important role in the daily life of Romans in Ancient Rome.**
 * **They Worshiped same gods as the Greeks, except with different names and different personalities.**
 * **Worshiped gods for many different things. The King of the gods was Jupiter who ruled with his wife Juno, goddess of the sky.**
 * **Religion was very similar to that of the Greek religion.**
 * **Roman gods tended to be calmer and more forgiving than the Greek gods, who were the opposites.** **Temples were built to worship the Gods throughout the Roman Empire.** **Each Roman home had shrines built into them were the people living in the house could worship the gods everyday and pray to them. The praying to the gods was so important that even the family slaves were invited to join the House owners.**
 * **Ancient Roman religion was one of the best known //Pagan// religions. //Pagan// religions believed in many gods and worshipped different elements of natur e. **  ** statue of Jupiter ^ **
 * **E conomy: **
 * **Based on agriculture (Popular crops include wheat, lentils, olives and grapes.) Making sure both the cities and the countryside were supplied with enough food made up a lot of the trade, industry, and labor in Ancient Rome. The surplus food was sold at markets.**
 * ** Other jobs include various port jobs, such as port officials, tugboat pilots, clerks, and workers that unloaded/loaded ships. Evidence reveals that there were over 200 jobs throughout Ancient Rome in around 300 A.D. **
 * ** The wealthy and educated didn't work very much, merchants traded within cities and became quite successful, while slaves mined or worked on the wealthy citizen's estates. **
 * **The government minted huge amounts of silver coins, used to pay the soldiers. But eventually, the coins replaced bartering in the empire for goods and services. These coins were also used to pay taxes, which went towards monuments, army, and other things for the empire.**

SOURCES: "Economy, Roman." // Ancient Greece and Rome //: // An Encyclopedia for Students //. Ed. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. 25-26. // Gale World History In Context //. Web. 15 Sep. 2011. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/economy/pictures/ships.jpg



Romans had many different art forms. One of the art forms were murals, large wall paintings. Many Roman Emperors had murals on their walls of their palace.
 * A rts/Architecture: **

Architecture was another type art form. The Triumphal Arch of Tibias was made with arches and columns of different shapes and sizes to make it more beautiful and interesting. Buildings and bridges were also made as a form of architecture.

The Romans were indebted to their neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics and in the construction of arches Etruscan civilization neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics and in the construction of arches Roman painting provides a wide variety of themes: animals, still life, scenes from everyday life, portraits, and some mythological subjects. During the Hellenistic period, it evoked the pleasures of the countryside and represented scenes of shepherds.


 * T echnology **
 * ** Roman technology was the mots advanced of its time. **
 * **People in Ancient Rome had were very crafty and were very skilled glass and statue makers.**
 * **One of the most complicated things they invented was the water mill. The water mill was a revolutionary invention that was used for many different purposes.**
 * ** The Ancient Romans also invented large bridges, and long roads. It might not sound like a lot, but at the time, it was a revolutionary, brilliant breakthrough. **
 * **They also built large dams and very large temples, since religion was such a huge part of their lives.**
 * **Romans were very advanced when it comes to weaponry. They invented a contraption called A Roman Ballista, which is a type of slingshot.**
 * **One thing that separated Romans from most of the other cultures at the time was their healthcare. They had very advanced surgery tools for their time, something that was very advanced for their time. They also used harvesting machines to replace the man labor of harvesting crops themselves.**
 * S <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">ocial Classes: **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Rather than the social classes being based on discrimination and race, they were formed in more functional and practical means to decide the social worth of a person. But because of this, the two main classes (Patricians and Plebeians) had conflicts. **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">The upper class citizens were referred to as Patricians, who were in charge of the religious and governmental aspects of the civilization. Everyone else were Plebeians. This class ranged from wealthy to poor, for everyone who wasn't a government official or religious person was a Plebeian. The only slavery in the Roman Empire is if you owned someone money, until later when they participated in slave trade. **
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Georgia,serif;">**The Patricians and Plebeians came in conflict with one another, called the Conflict of Orders. When the powerful Senate lead by the Patricians essentially had control over the Roman Empire, the Plebeians became fed up. They elected their own officials in their own assemblies. they threatened to break away from Rome, which would take away the Roman military. The Patricians then agreed to recognize Plebeian officials.**

SOURCES:  "The Social Classes." World Eras. Ed. John T. Kirby. Vol. 3: Roman Republic and Empire, 264 B.C.E.- 476 C.E. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 203-205. Gale World History In Context. Web. 18 Sep. 2011. http://schoolworkhelper.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Roman-Society.jpg

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">Summary of your civilization's achievements: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">The Roman Empire's achievements are vast, and everlasting, for some of the aspects of the society we still refer back to today. The Romans created the alphabet that works as a basis for languages such as Latin, English, French, and Italian - languages we still speak today (except for Latin). They also were a civilization with great literature, with talented poets such as Virgil that changed the way the world in the time of the Roman Empire looked at poetry. The Romans built great roads that spanned over 50,000 miles through the Empire. Along with that, they built aqueducts, and perfected the arch, and invented concrete. Their army was well organized and disciplined, an army no one wanted to go up against. Lastly, Julius Caesar, a very important role in the Roman Empire, added 12 months to break up the year. The Roman's were apart of an expanive Empire that had many great achievements and accomplishments.